North
and South Korea agreed early on Tuesday to end a military standoff that sparked
an exchange of artillery fire and had ratcheted up tension on one of the
world's most heavily-fortified borders.
Under
an accord reached in the early hours, following more than two days of talks,
North Korea expressed regret over the recent wounding of South Korean soldiers
in landmine blasts and Seoul agreed to halt anti-Pyongyang propaganda
broadcasts.
North
Korea also agreed to end the "semi" state of war it had declared. The
two sides will hold follow-up talks to discuss a range of issues on improving
ties, the joint statement said.
Both
sides began rolling back heightened military postures at noon (0300 GMT), Seoul's
defense ministry said.
"It
is very meaningful that from this meeting North Korea apologized for the
landmine provocation and promised to work to prevent the recurrence of such
events and ease tensions," said Kim Kwan-jin, national security adviser to
South Korean President Park Geun-hye, who headed Seoul's delegation.
Pyongyang
had denied laying the landmines, and in the statement did not explicitly take
responsibility for them. However, any expression of regret by the North, better
known for its bellicose rhetoric, is rare.
The
marathon talks at the Panmunjom truce village inside the Demilitarised Zone
(DMZ) separating the two Koreas began on Saturday, shortly after Pyongyang's
deadline for the South to halt its propaganda broadcasts or face military action.
"They
both made compromises. South Korea did not get an apology, they got a statement
of regret about the injury, which they can spin as an apology," said John
Delury of Yonsei University in Seoul.
"The
more important point is maintaining this channel and reopening the
relationship. This is hardly going to be easy to implement, but it’s a landmark
agreement which lays out a path."
Seoul
and Pyongyang have remained technically in a state of war since the 1950-53
Korean war ended in a truce, not a peace treaty.
THAW?
Inter-Korean
relations have been all but frozen since the 2010 sinking of a South Korean
warship, which killed 46 sailors, that Seoul blames on the North. Pyongyang
denies responsibility.
On
Tuesday, the two sides also agreed to arrange reunions of families separated by
the Korean War during upcoming autumn holidays and in future.
"What's
important now is to carry forward specific projects agreed by South and North
smoothly through follow-up talks so as to ease tensions between South and North,"
Park's presidential office quoted her as saying.
Halfway
through a single five-year term that has been buffeted by crises and a
stumbling economy, Park appears to have gotten a lift from Seoul's tough stance
with the North, with her approval rating rising to 41 percent in a Realmeter
poll conducted last week.
Improving
ties with the reclusive and impoverished North have been largely unsuccessful
is one of Park's key goals. But her efforts, so far, have been largely
unsuccessful.
Numerous
sticking points remain, from the North's nuclear program and Seoul's sanctions
following the ship sinking. There have also been comparatively minor sources of
conflict, such as South Korean activists distribution of anti-North leaflets
and the suspension of South Korean tours to Mount Kumgang in the North.
Asked
early on Tuesday about the prospect for a summit meeting between Park and the
North's young leader, Kim Jong Un, the South's national security adviser said
it was "not the time" to discuss that.The two Koreas have not held a
summit since 2007.
LANDMINES
AND LOUDSPEAKERS
The
rise in tensions began early this month, when the landmine explosions in the
DMZ wounded two South Korean soldiers.
Days
later, the South began blasting anti-Pyongyang propaganda from loudspeakers
along the border, reviving a tactic that both sides had halted in 2004.
The
standoff reached a crisis point on Thursday when the North fired four shells
into the South, according to Seoul, which responded with a barrage of artillery
fire.
Pyongyang
then made its ultimatum that Seoul halt the broadcasts by Saturday afternoon or
face military action, but on that day the two sides agreed to hold talks
between top level aides to the leaders of the two countries.
Even
as talks were proceeding, North Korea deployed twice the usual artillery
strength at the border and had around 50 submarines away from base, the South's
defense ministry said. South Korea had also increased its military readiness.
Washington
and the United Nations welcomed the agreement, as did Beijing, Pyongyang's main
ally.
"We're
going to judge the North by its actions," U.S. State Department spokesman
John Kirby told a briefing. "It was a very tense several days."
North
Korea is under U.N. and U.S. sanctions because of repeated nuclear and missile
tests, moves that Pyongyang sees as an attack on its sovereign right to defend
itself.
Culled from Reuters News